Computer basics

                                                                               How to Choose a CPU

Every computer needs a motherboard, and every motherboard needs a CPU. The CPU, which stands for Central Processing Unit, determines how much data a computer can handle at one time and how quickly it can handle that data. The main things to consider when buying a CPU are the number of cores needed, what the computer will be used for, the type of software to be run, processor compatibility, and the speed of the CPU.

When purchasing a CPU, a number of options are on the market. Here you will find a summary of the types of CPUs available.

Desktop CPUs

Desktop CPUs were created for desktop computers. While the CPUs for desktops basically perform the same functions as CPUs for mobile devices (such as laptops) and servers, desktop CPUs are built a little differently to handle the needs of desktop computer users. For example, one advantage that desktop CPUs offer is that they are able to offer a higher thermal tolerance. Desktop processors are also more compatible with overclocking.

Mobile Processors

Mobile processors are created for laptops and mobile devices such as smartphones. Mobile processors tend to be slower and have less power than desktop processors, mainly to conserve battery power. However, many do offer features that desktop processors do not, such as Wireless Display technology (WiDi). This technology allows the wireless transmission of media files to a television, for example.

Server Processors

Server processors are built for high reliability. When these processors are tested, they are put through stressful conditions such as higher temperatures and high computing loads. If your desktop processor fails, the entire computer becomes inoperable. Server CPUs, however, have “failovers” – where standby equipment automatically takes over when the main system fails – such as dual CPU servers. They are also designed to operate at much higher frequencies, enabling them to process more data.

Features to Consider

After considering the different types of processors, the next step is to get familiar with the specifications and features that the various processors have to offer. Not all processors are created equal! It is important to understand which specs and features matter and how they pertain to a computer’s usage. Below is some discussion on what to focus on when purchasing a CPU.

Cores

Less than a decade ago, all processors came with a single core. Nowadays single-core processors are the exception and not the rule. Multi-core processors have become more popular as their availability has become increasingly common and software has been designed to utilize multi-core technology. From dual-core to eight-core processors, there are a number of options to choose from. When deciding how many cores are needed, first it is necessary to understand what “multiple cores” means.

When processors were running on a single core, that one core was responsible for handling all the data sent to the processor. As more cores are integrated into a processor, those cores are able to split up the processor’s tasks. This makes the processor faster and more efficient. However, it is important to remember that a processor can only perform as well as the existing software running it. If the software is only able to utilize three of the eight cores, then five cores are going to be unused. To maximize cost and use, it is best to match system requirements with core availability.

Cache

A processor’s cache is similar to the memory of a computer. A processor’s cache is a small amount of very fast memory that is used for temporary storage. This allows a computer to retrieve the files that are in the processor’s cache very quickly. The larger a processor’s cache, the more files it will be able to store for that quick retrieval.

Socket Compatibility

Socket compatibility is a primary concern when it comes to buying a processor. The socket compatibility enables the interface between a motherboard and its CPU. If a motherboard has already been acquired, make sure that the processor installed is compatible with the motherboard’s socket. Alternately, when building a computer around the processor, make sure that the motherboard is compatible with the existing processor.

Integrated Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)

Many of today’s processors have integrated graphics processing units, which are designed to perform the calculations related to graphics. If a processor does not have an integrated GPU, the computer can still display graphics if a separate graphics card is present or if the motherboard offers onboard video. If the computer will be used for graphics-intensive software and programs, then a CPU with an integrated GPU will likely not perform as needed.

Frequency

The frequency of a CPU, measured in hertz (Hz), is the speed at which it operates. In the past, a merely faster frequency equaled better performance. This is not necessarily the case any longer. In some cases, a CPU running at a lower frequency may actually perform better than a processor running at a higher frequency due to the infrastructure of the CPU. It is important to look at a CPU’s “instructions per clock” in addition to the frequency of the CPU. While frequency is still a good indication of how quickly a processor can perform, it is no longer the only factor that impacts the actual speed of a processor.

Thermal Design Power

Processors generate heat. The thermal design power specification assigned to a CPU explains how much heat the processor is going to give off. This will directly affect the type of cooling device needed for a CPU. If the CPU does not come with a cooling device or if the cooling device provided is not used, a device must be installed that can cool the system sufficiently. Overheating is a primary danger to a computer’s componentry.

Which Specifications Pertain to Me?

When selecting a CPU, some specifications and features will be more important to you than others. The specifications and features to look for will vary depending on your personal computing needs. For example, a computer used for intensive gaming will need a different processor than one only used to surf the Web.

Which CPU Is Best for Me?

Below, the most common CPU purchasing groups are generalized to help you narrow down the options for the CPU that will best serve your needs. If you identify with more than one of these consumer groups, don’t worry. Simply find a CPU that covers what is needed for both purchasing groups.

Home Users

• Socket Compatibility

• Integrated GPU

• Frequency

Home users’ needs are very different from the needs of business users and gamers when it comes to a CPU. Fortunately, because a home user’s processing needs are not usually as intensive as other purchasing groups, most common and moderately priced CPUs can easily handle your needs.

The first thing to do is ensure that the CPU under consideration is compatible with the existing motherboard. This means looking at the socket compatibility. Alternately, if the CPU is selected first, a compatible motherboard must be selected.

When purchasing a CPU, consider a model that has an integrated GPU. Since graphics-intensive applications are not likely to be run, a GPU that is integrated into the processor will suffice for common computing needs. This will eliminate the need to purchase and install a separate GPU. This will save time and money as graphics cards can be costly.

Also consider the frequency when selecting a CPU. The higher the frequency, the faster the computer will perform. The average user’s computing needs will not likely be intensive. This means you don’t need a very high speed CPU. For basic computing needs, speeds of 1GHz or higher will be adequate.

Home Office Users

• Cores

• Memory

• Frequency

If you run an office out of your home, your CPU needs will be a bit different from the needs of the average home consumer. First, identify the processors that can adequately handle your computing needs on a daily basis, while keeping purchase price within budget.

Consider the number of cores needed. Most home business users do well with a quad-core processor. With that being said, if the computing needs are more intensive, such as with programming and graphic design, research how many cores are required by the software being used. When running software that can make use of eight cores, consider investing in an eight-core processor.

The amount of memory your CPU supports may also be a factor. Your motherboard and the type of operating system you are running will also dictate how much RAM can be supported. Make sure all of your components are compatible before investing in the hardware.

Frequency is another factor to take into consideration. While frequency is not the only thing that determines the speed of a processor, it does have a significant impact. The software used will impact how much speed is needed. For example, when using Adobe CS 6 on a regular basis, a CPU with a speed of at least 2GHz will serve best.

Small Business Users

• Cost

• Compatibility

• BGA or LGA

The CPU needs of a small business can be significantly different than the needs of a home user. When purchasing a CPU, focus on the cost, the compatibility, and whether or not the CPU has a BGA or LGA socket.

Most small businesses must adhere to a set budget when it comes to purchasing computer equipment. Because of this, cost is one of the primary factors to consider when purchasing a CPU. Newegg offers a host of CPUs for various needs. Check for special sales and consider signing up for our email blasts and/or mobile device notifications to get great prices on CPUs.

When purchasing a CPU for a small business computer, also take compatibility into account. Make sure that the CPU chosen is compatible with the computer’s existing components: the motherboard, socket, and system memory. Incompatibility will stop a build before it starts.

In addition, consider whether the socket connections are BGA connections or LGA connections. If you would like the option to replace your CPU at any point in time, a CPU with an LGA connection will be necessary. This is because BGA connections are soldered, making them almost impossible to replace. LGA connections, on the other hand, are pin-type connectors which can be plugged and unplugged when needed.

Corporate Users

• Cores

• Frequency

• Thermal Design Power

The needs of corporate users are also unique when it comes to CPUs. Here, a CPU is needed that can handle all of the tasks of a business’s computing needs; in other words, a CPU designed for a heavy workload. When looking into which CPU to select, look at the number of cores the CPU will need. Remember, however, that more cores are not always better. The software being used will determine this – if an eight-core processor gets installed but the software can only utilize four of those cores, it will not be an efficient or cost-effective solution.

In addition, consider the frequency of the CPU. The exact frequency to look for will depend on what the business uses its computers for. Some businesses can get away with a frequency of 2GHz or less. Others will need frequencies of 4GHz or more. When shopping for a CPU, look at the requirements of the software that the company routinely uses and be sure to purchase one with a well-matched frequency.

Thermal Design Power (TDP) is another factor to take into consideration. As a business’s computing needs may be very intensive, the CPU may generate high heat. Be sure to check the TDP of the CPU that to be sure that the cooling system is able to adequately handle the level of heat that is generated. This will prevent overheating in the computer, damaging the components.

Mobile Users

• Cores

• Socket Compatibility

• Frequency

It used to be that mobile CPUs were all single-core. This is no longer the case. Now there are even cell phones that have multi-core CPUs. When shopping for a processor for a mobile device, consider the number of cores the processor will need. Exactly how many processors your device can utilize will depend on the software you are running, but you want to make sure that you purchase a processor that has as many cores as your software can handle.

Socket compatibility is another factor to consider when shopping for mobile CPUs. Many mobile CPUs are of the BGA variety. This means that they are soldered onto the motherboard. To upgrade this kind of CPU, a BGA model will make it impossible. Ensure that the CPU is LGA. LGA CPUs connect to the motherboard via pins, making them easier for a consumer to swap out.

As with most other users, mobile users must also consider the frequency of the CPU they are buying. If the CPU has a low frequency, it likely isn’t going to perform up to expectations. A higher frequency means higher speed, which means the user won’t be waiting forever for applications to load and execute.